1 Watch the user Observe, don't assume I do this by hand every single week. 2 hours a week 2 Log every pain In the user's own words user-notes.txt 3 Is it a real pain? All three must be true Happens often Costs time or money No good workaround 4 Value proposition One sentence you can say out loud For the user who feels this pain we build it with AI so they get it back Write it in one sentence your user would nod at.